It is important for breathing, blood pressure and how the body reacts to danger. The brain stem is an ancient structure of the brain that subserves a number of sensory and motor functions including, but not limited to, auditory perception. The hypothalamus controls appetite, thirst and body temperature, and produces hormones that control the release of other hormones in the pituitary gland.Īt the base of the brain is the brainstem. The thalamus moves information to and from the lobes, and controls movements and memory. The occipital lobes are vital for being able to see clearly.ĭeep inside the brain are the thalamus and the hypothalamus.The parietal lobes play an important part in taste, touch, temperature and pain, and also in the understanding of numbers, awareness of the body and feeling of space.The temporal lobes play an important part in memory, hearing, speech and language.The frontal lobes control movement, speech and some of the functions of the mind like behaviour, mood, memory and organisation.It is divided into left and right hemispheres, linked by a band of nerve fibres in the centre of the brain called the corpus callosum.Įach hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes, or sections, which are all connected. It controls intelligence, memory, personality, emotion, speech, and ability to feel and move. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. These include the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the thalamus, the hypothalamus and the brainstem. The brain and spinal cord are protected from damage by a clear liquid called cerebrospinal fluid, 3 layers of membranes called the meninges, and the hard bones of the skull and backbone. They are coated in myelin, which is a fatty insulation. White matter is made up of axons, which are long cords that extend from the neurons. Grey matter is made up of neurons, cells and blood vessels. The tissue of the central nervous system is made up of grey matter and white matter. The neurons are arranged in networks that carry electrical or chemical messages to and from the brain. The nervous system is made up of basic units called neurons. What are the parts of the central nervous system? Nerves also connect the spinal cord to a part of the brain called the brainstem. It carries messages to and from the brain via the network of peripheral nerves connected to it. The spinal cord is an extension of the brain. The brain controls most of the functions of the body, including awareness, movement, thinking, speech, and the 5 senses of seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting and smelling. The central nervous system is the body’s processing centre. The other part is the peripheral nervous system, which consists of nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. It is one of 2 parts of the nervous system. The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brainstem contains many different functional areas that are tightly packed and can be classified into four main types of neural elements: (1) long somatosensory tracts ascending from the spinal cord up to brain, long motor tracts descending from the higher brain centers to lower brain centers and from brain motor centers to the spinal cord. Related information on Australian websites.What are the parts of the central nervous system?.There is no other part of the brain where lesions can cause such a wide variety of symptoms. The frontal lobes are considered our behaviour and emotional control centre and home to our personality. Executive functions refer to a collection of cognitive skills including the capacity to plan, organise, initiate, self-monitor and control one’s responses in order to achieve a goal. As the thalamus is heavily involved in relaying information between the cortex and the brain stem, as well as within different cortical structures, it. It directs sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, excluding olfactory information. The frontal lobes are important for voluntary movement, expressive language and for managing higher level executive functions. In psychology, the thalamus is recognized as a primary relay station in the brain. The frontal lobes are the largest lobes in the human brain and they are also the most common region of injury in traumatic brain injury. The frontal lobes are located directly behind the forehead. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Program.Skills To Enable People and Communities (STEPS).Websites Links for Children about the Brain.Resources for Families and Support Workers.Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology Learn about the psychology of children and adolescents. Acquired Brain Injury Outreach Service (ABIOS) stem cells, signalling, gene regulation, evolution and.
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